Given highly divergent physiology and population dynamics, terrestrial
invertebrates may exhibit responses to climate change that vary greatly from those
predicted for many vertebrates. Additionally, variation in abiotic factors associated with
climate change (temperature, moisture, ambient CO2 levels) may inconsistently impact
taxonomic groups of terrestrial invertebrates due to differences in physiological
mechanisms to handle temperature and moisture fluctuations (Bradshaw and Holzapfel
2010, Bale et al. 2002). This report focuses on Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) that
feed on temperate forest trees, holometabolous insects that experience drastic anatomical
and physiological change during metamorphosis.