Prescribed fire has been used for a variety of land management functions. In Pennsylvania, the use of prescribed fire for ecological restoration and forest management has become increasingly popular, especially among public land managers. More specifically, fire is now being used across the state to control invasive species, stimulate forest regeneration, and to improve wildlife habitat. Despite the increased popularity of prescribed fire in Pennsylvania, we have yet to reconcile Pennsylvania’s natural fire history with current fire management goals. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of historical natural and man-made fire regimes that have shaped Pennsylvania’s natural communities. A better understanding of these natural processes and how they shaped current forested landscapes may allow conservation planners to more specifically target their prescribed fire goals and objectives, identify how fire may affect un/desirable species, and minimize disturbance to non-target species.